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    Custom PNA Synthesis

    PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. The various purine and pyrimidine bases are linked to the backbone by methylene carbonyl bonds as in peptides. Since PNA contains no charged phosphate groups, the binding between PNA and DNA is stronger than that between DNA and DNA due to the lack of electrostatic repulsion. PNA is resistant to DNases and proteases, and is extremely stable in vivo as well as in vitro.
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    PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid), an artificially created DNA analogue, was first invented by Professor Nielsen, Egholm, Berg and Buchardt of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark in 1991.

    PNA has a structure in which the phosphate-ribose backbone of DNA is substituted with a peptide-like amide backbone (N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine). So the binding affinity and stability to the target DNA or RNA are greatly increased. Despite the structural change of the backbone, PNA can be used in a variety of applications where DNA can be used because it can make a complementary binding to the target sequence as DNA does.

     

    PNA Applications

    • Sequence specific PCR blocker (PNA clamp)
    • FISH probes for telomere, centromere, gene specific probes, infection test
    • Anti-sense/ anti-microbial reagents
    • miRNA inhibitors
    • Double strand DNA invasion & capture
    • Microarray probes

     

    Unlabeled PNA

    Due to its high affinity and specificity, PNA oligos can efficiently bind its target nucleic acid. One of the popular usage of unlabeled PNA is a gene specific blocker of PCR reaction (PNA clamp). This technology can efficiently detect SNP mutations in a target gene.

    PNA binds to its target nucleic acid by either orientation but antiparallel is preferred over parallel. 5' end of PNA is NH2- (also written as 5' or H-) that can be conjugated to other functional groups, and 3' end of PNA is -CONH2 (also written as -NH2 or 3'), which is inactive end. Acetylation at 5' end can block any potential reactivity.

    Because Tm of PNA is higher than that of DNA, usually 10~21mer is used for most applications. Longer length of PNA can reduce solubility. High purine content (>60%), specially G base can be a reason for low solubility. Depending on the sequence, possible longest length of PNA is about 40 mer. However, it is strongly recommended to check its Tm and design the probe that has appropriate length and sequence.

    To improve solubility of PNA probes, addition of solubility enhancer such as O linker, E linker, X linker, or 2 Lysines is recommended for PNA with long length (>22mer) or high purine content (>60%). These linkers can also work as a spacer for conjugation to other functional groups such as peptides or dyes.

    ​

    Labeled PNA

    PNA oligomers can be labeled at 5' and/or 3' end. Since 3' end PNA is inactive (-CONH2), one Lysine is added and its amine is used for conjugation at 3' labeling.

    It is recommended to include 1~2 O linkers (also called eg1, or AEEA linker) between the label and PNA for 5' end labeling.

     

    Possible modifications:

    • Fluorophore/Quencher:Cyanine dye;FAM;FITC;TAMRA (TMR);TexasRed;ROX;HEX;ATTO dye;Thiazol Orange;Methylene Blue;Dabcyl;BHQ;Digoxigenine;Biotin
    • Linker:C3-NH2, C4-NH2;C6-NH2;C12-NH2;Polyethylene Glycol linker;E linker
    • Functional group:Amine;Alkyne;Thiol;Maleimi;Azide;Acetylation
    • Backbone modification:Alpha modification;Gamma modification
    • Base modification:D (2,6-diaminopurine);J (Pseudoisocytosine);I (Inosine)

     

    PNA-peptide

    Since the backbone of PNA is based on poly amides, PNA can be easily linked to peptide to add functionality. For example, Lys addition can improve solubility of PNA. Addition of Cysteine can be used as a way to conjugate other molecules using disulfide bond formation.

    Peptide can be conjugated at 5' end or 3' end but 5' end conjugation (peptide+PNA) is more popular. O linker can be added between peptide and PNA as a spacer

    One of the most popular applications of PNA peptide conjugation includes antimicrocidal reagents, which comprise of CPP (most commonly (KFF)3K or (RXR)4XB and 10~15 basepair of PNA molecules that are antisense to the essential gene of the microbes.

    Similarly in mammalian cells, anti-sense oligo approach can be easily adapted using CPP and PNA conjugation where PNA is designed antisense to its target mRNA. Most commonly, PNA is degisned to 5' ATG and upstream region.

    Another approach using peptide and PNA conjugation is in microarray type where you can capture both antigene and transcript from the target microorganisms.

    In general, PNA peptide conjugates are consecutively synthesized on resin from C-terminus to N-terminus.

     

    Gamma PNA

    Gamma (γ)-PNA is a backbone-modified PNA that possesses a stereogenic center through modifications introduced at gamma (γ)-carbon of the backbone. Due to the stereogenic center, the gamma-PNA oligo itself forms an alpha-helical structure, thereby reducing the self-aggregation, improving the solubility and forming a more stable duplex with the target DNA. These features provide higher binding affinity to the target. In addition, various modifications such as internal multi-labeling are possible at any gamma (γ)-position. With these advantages, gamma (γ)-PNA can be an attractive material for diagnostics and drug development.

    Possible gamma functional groups

    • Lysine: better solubility, possible for dual labeling, potential for cell penetration
    • MiniPEG: best for improved solubility and specific binding, efficient for double strand DNA invasion
    • Alanine and glutamic acid are also possible modification.

     

    PNA Design

    Binding properties: PNAs can form duplexes in either orientation, but the anti-parallel orientation is strongly preferred. This will be the orientation for all antisense and DNA probe type applications. The N-terminal of the PNA oligomer is equivalent to the 5'-end of an oligonucleotide and is often referred to as "the 5'-end of the PNA". A PNA/DNA-duplex will usually have a higher Tm than the corresponding DNA/DNA-duplex. As a rough rule, there will be an increase in Tm of about 1°C per base pair at 100 mM NaCl depending on the sequence.

    Probe Length: Due to this higher affinity it is not necessary to prepare long PNA oligomers. For most applications an oligomer length of 12-18 is optimal. as opposed to the 25-40-mers, which is the typical length for an oligouncleotide probe. Bear in mind that the shorter a probe the more specific it is. The impact of a mismatch is greater, the shorter the sequence is. In many cases even shorter probes will work well, Longer PNA oligomers, depending on the sequence, tend to aggregate and are difficult to purify and characterize.

    Purine Content: Purine rich PNA oligomers tend to aggregate, with G-rich oligomers being the worst. As a rule, never have more than 7 purines in any stretch of 10 units. Observing this rule will dramatically reduce the likelihood that the PNA oligomer will aggregate. Then shorter the sequence the less attention needs to be paid to the sequence design.

    Self-complementarity: Avoid self-complementary sequences such as inverse repeats, hairpin forming and palindromic sequences as PNA/PNA interactions are even stronger than PNA/DNA interactions. For example, AATT would be OK but not CCGG or ATTATT. There is no problem with the synthesis but they are generally difficult to characterize and purify.

     

    PNA Order

    • The price of custom PNA is dependent on the length, amount and label. Please indicate the specifics in quote request.
    • Minimum amount is 20 nmole for non-labeled PNA and 10 nmole for labeled PNA.
    • Custom PNA oligos will be provided at >90% or >95% purity by HPLC analysis along with MALDI-TOF report.
    • Synthesis takes 2~3 weeks for the most cases, and 3~4 weeks for gamma PNA or special labeling.
     
    Only for research and not intended for treatment of humans or animals
     

     

     

    SBS Genetech is a long-term sponsor of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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    • Types of Products

      We provide optimized solutions for life science research

      Custom Oligos Synthesis

      DNA synthesis is a technology that links deoxynucleic acids (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine) together to form DNA. As the cornerstone of modern molecular biology, DNA synthesis plays a pivotal role in the field of synthetic biology. In addition to standard oligos synthesis, we also provide scientific research services such as long oligos synthesis, phosphorothioate oligos (S-Oligo) synthesis, modified oligos synthesis, fluorescent oligos synthesis, and real-time quantitative PCR probes to meet your different needs.

      Custom Peptides Synthesis

      Peptides are synthesized by condensation reaction of carboxyl group of one amino acid with amino group of another amino acid and are widely used in various fields such as antibody preparation, drug development and polypeptide vaccine development. Each of our polypeptides is accompanied by reliable HPLC and mass spectrometry data, detailed synthesis reports are provided, and the products are sent in a lyophilized state. Experienced staff can assist users in designing peptide chains and make appropriate recommendations for different needs of users, such as antibodies, special markers, large-scale synthesis, etc. In addition, we also offer Custom PNA Synthesis with high quality.

      Custom Peptide Library

      A peptide library is a new technique for studying structure-function relationship for a protein. A peptide library contains a great number of peptides that have a systematic combination of amino acids. The peptide library provides a powerful tool for drug design, protein-protein interactions, and other biochemical as well as pharmaceutical applications. It also has wide applications in drug screening, target validation, epitope mapping, and vaccine development.

      Gene Synthesis​

      Gene synthesis is a technology that synthesizes genes by artificial methods, which is one of the means of gene acquisition. Compared with the acquisition of genes from existing organisms, gene synthesis does not need templates and is therefore not limited by the source of genes. We use unique gene synthesis design software, which includes a full set of tools to design ideal structural units, thus enabling rapid and efficient gene construction and synthesis in a single reaction. Please do not be limited by restriction sites and polylinkers, we will synthesize the various gene sequences you need.

      PCR-Related​

      Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used method in molecular biology, which can rapidly replicate millions to billions of specific DNA samples, enabling scientists to extract only a small amount of DNA samples for detailed research. We provide a variety of DNA polymerases (Taq, Bst, f-Pfu, sPfu) and corresponding PCR premixes, covering a wide range of scenarios such as high fidelity, high specificity, and rapid amplification. Scarlet™ series kits provide a perfect solution for blood direct PCR, and PrimeSNP™ Genotyping Kit uses Competitive Allele Specific PCR method for genotyping of purified DNA samples. High quality dNTPs (set, mix) are also supplied.

      RNA-Related​

      Ribonucleic acid (RNA), as a key material for genetic information transmission and cell regulation, has been extensively studied in molecular biology. Like DNA, RNA is assembled in the form of nucleotide chains; but unlike DNA, RNA exists in nature in the form of single-stranded folds rather than paired double strands. We provide RNasin (RNase inhibitor), M-MLV reverse transcriptase and Carrier RNA to provide a complete raw material solution for RNA research. miAnalysis™ series are designed for microRNA quantitative research. And VirusMag™ series are designed for the isolation of viral RNA/DNA or bacterial DNA.

      Nucleic Acid Purification​

      Nucleic acid purification is an important component of molecular biology and has a wide range of applications in medicine and biological sciences. Our nucleic acid purification kit uses first-class silica gel column technology (SiMax™ Spin Column, SiMax™ Genomic DNA Extraction, SiMax™ PCR Products/Agarose Gel Purification, SiMax™ Plasmid DNA Miniprep) and magnetic beads technology (VirusMag™ Magnetic Beads, VSep™ Magnetic Separators, VirusMag™ One-Step DNA/RNA Isolation Kit, VirusMag™ DNA/RNA Isolation Kit), which can purify DNA from various sources quickly and reliably. The purity of DNA purified by our kit is very high and it is suitable for many downstream applications such as sequence determination, cloning and cleavage.

      DNA Markers

      DNA markers are used to determine the approximate size of molecules on the gel during electrophoresis, based on the principle that the molecular weight is inversely proportional to the mobility through the gel matrix. We provide abundant DNA molecular weight standards that can be used for various fragment lengths. Our fragments of DNA markers have been purified separately by proprietary technology, so their quality is superior to industry standards.

      Genetic Manipulation

      Gene manipulation is a process that uses biotechnology to manipulate genes directly to generate new DNA, and has been widely used in research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture. Our Premium™ Master Assembly Mix, Muta-direct™ Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit and Topo Cloning kits (pBM23, pBM16A, pBM16K) provide efficient solutions for these types of demands. We also provide high quality chemically modified Synthetic sgRNAs and Cas nucleases to provide a more reliable solution for CRISPR gene editing.

      Nucleic Acid Stain

      GoodView™ is a safer nucleic acid stain, an alternative to the traditional ethidium bromide (EB) stain for detecting nucleic acid in agarose gels. It emits green fluorescence when bound to DNA or RNA. This new stain has two fluorescence excitation maxima when bound to nucleic acid, one centered at 268 nm and another at 294 nm. In addition, it has one visible excitation at 491 nm. The Fluorescence emission of GoodView bound to DNA is centered at 530 nm. Our GoodView™ Nucleic Acid Stain is also included on New Products, Science Magazine, January 11, 2019.

      Biochemicals​

      Biochemistry, as its name implies, is a discipline that studies chemical processes in organisms, often referred to as biochemistry. It is mainly used to study the structure and function of various intracellular components, such as proteins, sugars, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomacromolecules. We provide variety types of high quality biochemical reagents to meet these demands, including Proteinase K, Mutant Proteinase K, Besta™ LE Agarose, IPTG, X-Gal, DNase I (RNase Free), Enterokinase, SUMO Protease, TEV Protease, PreScission Protease (PSP), Bovine Serum Albumin, T4 DNA Ligase, etc.

      Nuclease

      A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides of nucleic acids. Nucleases variously effect single and double stranded breaks in their target molecules. Here we offer various high quality nucleases, including RNase A, RNase H, Thermostable RNase H, Benzonase Nuclease, Uracil N-Glycosylase, T7 Endonuclease I, T5 Exonuclease, Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase, Terminal Transferase, etc.

      Nucleic Acid Test

      A nucleic acid test (NAT) is a technique used to detect a particular nucleic acid sequence and thus usually to detect and identify a particular species or subspecies of organism, often a virus or bacteria that acts as a pathogen in blood, tissue, urine, etc. Based on our leading fluorescent quantitative PCR technique and isothermal amplification technology, we have developed solutions for various pathogens.

      Lab Supplies​

      We provide various high quality common lab supplies, including ELISA Plates, Cell Culture Dishes, Cell Culture Plates, Microcentrifuge Tube, Centrifuge Bottles, Centrifuge Tubes, PCR Plates, PCR Tubes, Pipette Tips, Serological Pipettes, 96-well Deep-Well Plate, Conical Cryovials, SiMax™ Spin Column, with high cost-effective ratio to make your experiments smoother!

    • Why Choose Us?

    • Reliable Global Supply Chain

      With reliable GSC, we are recognized as one of the leading APAC biotech B2B suppliers.

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      Trusted by Top Researchers

      Our high quality products are trusted by researchers and scientists in top universities and institutes.

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      Powerful Technical Support

      Our support personnel are all experts with average more than 10 years of working experience.

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    • SBS Genetech is a long-term sponsor of

      Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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