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Poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic acid) (PLGA)

Poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely used biodegradable copolymer synthesized from lactic acid and glycolic acid, offering tunable degradation rates and mechanical properties by adjusting the LA/GA ratio. As an FDA‑approved biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility, non‑toxicity, and strong film‑forming capability, PLGA has become a cornerstone polymer in drug‑delivery systems, sustained‑release formulations, tissue‑engineering scaffolds, surgical sutures, and regenerative medical devices. Its customizable degradation profile and versatile processability make PLGA one of the most important and adaptable materials in modern pharmaceutical and biomedical engineering.

Polycaprolactone (PCL)

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an FDA‑approved biodegradable aliphatic polyester widely used in biomedical engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility, slow and predictable degradation profile, and outstanding mechanical flexibility. With a low melting point, high processability, and compatibility with 3D printing and melt‑processing technologies, PCL serves as a versatile material for long‑term implantable devices. Its robust mechanical strength and tunable degradation make it ideal for tissue‑engineering scaffolds, drug‑delivery systems, bone regeneration, and soft‑tissue repair applications across cartilage, tendon, vascular, skin, and nerve engineering.

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) | 9004‑32‑4 

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a highly versatile, water‑soluble cellulose derivative produced through the alkalization and etherification of natural cellulose. Known for its excellent biocompatibility, stability, and non‑toxic nature, CMC is widely used in biomedical applications, particularly in wound dressings where it supports infection prevention, exudate management, and tissue healing. Owing to the absence of cellulase in the human body, CMC‑based materials exhibit long‑term structural stability in vivo, making them ideal candidates for implantable anti‑adhesion barriers to prevent postoperative peritoneal adhesions and reduce the risk of intestinal obstruction.

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) | 9002‑89‑5 

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water‑soluble, non‑toxic polymer produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by controlled alcoholysis. Its key properties—such as solubility, viscosity, crystallinity, and film‑forming ability—are determined by the degree of polymerization and degree of hydrolysis. Fully hydrolyzed PVA exhibits strong hydrogen bonding, high mechanical strength, and excellent chemical stability, while partially hydrolyzed PVA provides amphiphilic behavior that enhances viscosity and reduces oil–water interfacial tension. With outstanding film‑forming performance, emulsification capability, and adhesive strength, PVA is widely used in biomedical materials, hydrogels, coatings, packaging, and industrial formulations.

Gelatin | 9000‑70‑8

Gelatin is a collagen‑derived biopolymer composed of linear polypeptide chains rich in glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, enabling partial regeneration of collagen‑like helical structures during gelation. Retaining essential bioactive motifs such as the RGD cell‑adhesion sequence and MMP‑sensitive degradation sites, gelatin provides excellent biocompatibility, enzymatic degradability, and strong cell‑adhesive properties. These features make gelatin a versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering, 3D cell culture, regenerative medicine, and hydrogel‑based biomedical applications.

Sodium Hyaluronate (HA) | 9067‑32‑7 

Sodium alginate (Alg) is a natural, biocompatible polysaccharide derived from brown algae and composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid units arranged in a linear block structure. Owing to its ability to rapidly form hydrogels through ion‑mediated crosslinking—most notably via the classic calcium‑induced “egg‑box” model—alginate provides a mild, cell‑friendly platform for encapsulation and 3D hydrogel fabrication. Its stability, biodegradability into non‑toxic polysaccharides, and intrinsic bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‑tumor effects make sodium alginate a versatile material for drug delivery, tissue‑engineering scaffolds, cell microencapsulation, and immunoisolation technologies.

Sodium Alginate (Alg) | 9005-38-3

Sodium alginate (Alg) is a natural, biocompatible polysaccharide derived from brown algae and composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid units arranged in a linear block structure. Owing to its ability to rapidly form hydrogels through ion‑mediated crosslinking—most notably via the classic calcium‑induced “egg‑box” model—alginate provides a mild, cell‑friendly platform for encapsulation and 3D hydrogel fabrication. Its stability, biodegradability into non‑toxic polysaccharides, and intrinsic bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‑tumor effects make sodium alginate a versatile material for drug delivery, tissue‑engineering scaffolds, cell microencapsulation, and immunoisolation technologies.

F127 (Poloxamer 407) | 9003‑11‑6 

F127 (Poloxamer 407) is a thermosensitive, amphiphilic triblock copolymer widely used in biomedical formulations and hydrogel systems. Composed of hydrophilic PEO blocks and a hydrophobic PPO core, F127 exhibits excellent self‑assembly behavior, forming micelles and undergoing a reversible sol–gel transition in response to temperature and concentration. Its ability to gel at relatively low concentrations, combined with outstanding biocompatibility and FDA approval for human use, makes Pluronic F127 a versatile material for drug delivery, injectable hydrogels, tissue engineering, and controlled‑release applications.

PEG‑Based High‑Toughness 3D Printing Bioink

The PEG‑Based High‑Toughness 3D Printing Bioink is a sterile, ready‑to‑use formulation engineered for high‑precision DLP/LCD bioprinting. Built on o‑nitrobenzyl–modified PEG (PEGNB) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), this bioink delivers rapid photocrosslinking, excellent biocompatibility, and exceptional mechanical strength. It enables the fabrication of durable, high‑resolution hydrogel structures with micron‑level accuracy, making it ideal for complex biomedical models, load‑bearing tissue‑engineering scaffolds, and advanced biofabrication applications.

Low‑Swelling 3D Printing Bioink

The Low‑Swelling 3D Printing Bioink is a high‑precision, ready‑to‑use formulation engineered to minimize hydrogel swelling and preserve structural fidelity during and after bioprinting. By integrating a moderately hydrophobic acrylated four‑arm PEG/PPG network with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), this bioink effectively suppresses water‑induced expansion, ensuring excellent dimensional stability and mechanical performance. Sterile and fully compatible with DLP and LCD bioprinting systems, it provides a reliable platform for fabricating accurate, durable, and biologically compatible 3D constructs in tissue engineering and advanced biofabrication.

GelMA Photocrosslinkable 3D Printing Bioink

The GelMA 3D printing bioink is formulated from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photoinitiator, a photoabsorber, and a phosphate‑buffered aqueous solution. Sterile and ready‑to‑use, this bioink is fully compatible with DLP and LCD bioprinting systems. GelMA‑based bioinks offer excellent cell compatibility and rapid photocrosslinking, enabling high‑precision fabrication of complex structures. In addition, the gelatin backbone provides natural cell‑adhesive motifs and biodegradability, making this bioink highly suitable for tissue repair, regenerative medicine, and advanced biofabrication applications.

Gelatin‑Based High‑Strength 3D Printing Bioink

The gelatin‑based high‑strength 3D printing bioink is a photocurable hydrogel system formulated with o‑nitrobenzyl‑modified gelatin (GelNB) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), designed for high‑precision DLP and LCD bioprinting. Combining rapid light‑induced crosslinking, excellent mechanical strength, and inherent cell‑adhesive properties, this ready‑to‑use bioink enables stable fabrication of complex, high‑resolution structures. Its biodegradability and biocompatibility make it highly suitable for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and advanced biofabrication applications.

PVA‑Based Photocurable 3D Bioprinting Bioink (PVAMA)

This high‑strength, PVA‑based 3D bioprinting bioink is formulated from o‑nitrobenzyl‑modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVANB), methacrylated sodium hyaluronate (HAMA), a photoabsorber, and a phosphate‑buffered aqueous solution. As a sterile, ready‑to‑use photocurable bioink, it is fully compatible with DLP and LCD 3D bioprinting systems. The formulation enables rapid photocrosslinking, ensuring efficient printing and fast structural stabilization.

Gelatin-Degrading Enzyme

The gelatin‑degrading enzyme is a specialized enzymatic preparation designed for the efficient degradation of gelatin‑based hydrogels such as GelMA and GelNB. Composed primarily of crude collagenase extracts, this enzyme rapidly digests gelatin networks under mild conditions while preserving the viability and functionality of encapsulated cells. It is ideal for cell recovery, downstream analysis after 3D culture, and a wide range of tissue‑engineering and biofabrication studies.

o‑Nitrobenzyl–Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVANB)

o‑Nitrobenzyl–Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVANB) is a photocrosslinkable PVA derivative engineered for high‑strength hydrogel fabrication and advanced biointerface design. Building on the exceptional mechanical performance, flexibility, and biocompatibility of polyvinyl alcohol, PVANB introduces o‑nitrobenzyl groups that enable rapid light‑induced crosslinking and controlled aldehyde release. These dual functionalities support the formation of robust hydrogel networks within seconds and allow covalent conjugation with amine‑containing biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, drugs, and growth factors. PVANB is ideal for constructing durable, functional hydrogels used in wearable electronics, implantable medical devices, tissue engineering, and next‑generation composite biomaterials.

Methacrylated Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCMA)

Methacrylated Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMCMA) is a photocrosslinkable cellulose derivative engineered for rapid and controllable hydrogel fabrication in biomedical applications. Building on the inherent stability, biocompatibility, and non‑toxic nature of carboxymethyl cellulose, CMCMA introduces methacryloyl groups that enable efficient light‑induced crosslinking. Because cellulose resists enzymatic degradation in vivo, CMCMA hydrogels maintain long‑term structural integrity, making them ideal for postoperative anti‑adhesion barriers, tissue‑isolation membranes, wound‑care materials, and durable implantable devices. This combination of structural stability and photocurable processing significantly expands the potential of cellulose‑based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and medical device development.

Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate (CSMA)

Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate (CSMA) is a photocrosslinkable glycosaminoglycan engineered for advanced hydrogel fabrication in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Derived from naturally occurring chondroitin sulfate—known for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities—CSMA introduces methacryloyl groups that enable rapid and controllable light‑induced crosslinking. This modification allows CSMA to form stable, bioactive hydrogels suitable for in situ gelation, 3D bioprinting, and the construction of complex biomedical structures, making it a powerful platform for cartilage repair, wound healing, neural regeneration, and drug‑delivery applications.

Methacrylated Chitosan (ChMA)

Methacrylated Chitosan (ChMA) is a photocrosslinkable chitosan derivative engineered for advanced hydrogel fabrication in biomedical applications. Derived from naturally sourced chitosan—well known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostatic activity, and antimicrobial properties—ChMA introduces methacryloyl groups that enable rapid UV or visible‑light crosslinking. This modification allows ChMA to form robust, in situ‑gelled hydrogels with precise spatiotemporal control. Combining the biological advantages of chitosan with the processing flexibility of photocurable materials, ChMA is ideal for tissue engineering, wound healing, drug‑delivery systems, and 3D bioprinting.

Acryloyl‑Modified RGD Peptide (RGDfk‑AA)

Acryloyl‑Modified RGD Peptide (RGDfk‑AA) is a photocrosslinkable, integrin‑binding bioactive peptide designed to enhance cell adhesion in hydrogel systems. Derived from the well‑known RGD (arginine–glycine–aspartic acid) motif, RGDfk‑AA incorporates an acryloyl group that enables efficient copolymerization with vinyl‑ or NB‑functionalized biomaterials such as HAMA, AlgMA, F127DA, PEGNB, and HANB. Under light‑initiated crosslinking, the peptide becomes covalently integrated into the hydrogel network, providing robust cell‑adhesive cues and significantly improving the biological performance of 3D bioprinting inks, tissue‑engineering scaffolds, and advanced biomaterial platforms.