Description

CPG ODN (CpG oligonucleotide) is a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs. It mimics bacterial DNA and stimulates the immune cells of various mammals, including humans. CPG ODN can directly activate B cells and monocytes (macrophages and dendritic cells), as well as indirectly activate NK cells and T cells, among other immune effector cells. It enhances their function and cytokine secretion, improves antigen processing and presentation, induces a Th1-type immune response, and elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses, enhancing both specific and nonspecific immune reactions.

The mammalian innate immune system recognizes pathogenic microorganisms through pattern recognition receptors, and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is one of the key innate immune pattern recognition receptors. The natural ligand for TLR9 is unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sequences found in viral and bacterial genomes. In experimental studies, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs, which are resistant to nucleases, are commonly used as TLR9 ligand analogs. Activation of TLR9 by its ligand leads to a strong Th1-dominant immune response, making it promising for the treatment of allergic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer.

CpG ODN induces the production of cytokines and activation of various immune cells, exhibiting anti-tumor effects. CpG ODN can exert its anti-tumor effects through multiple pathways, including being used as a standalone therapeutic agent, an immune adjuvant, or in combination with other immunotherapies. It can also be used in conjunction with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery for tumor treatment. The anti-tumor activity of CpG ODN has been demonstrated in animal models, and new anti-tumor drugs based on the characteristics of CpG ODN are being developed. Several CpG ODN-based drugs have entered clinical trial stages, offering new approaches for the treatment of cancer patients.

Service Details

Different types of CpG ODN have distinct structural features and immunological effects. They are generally classified into three types: A, B, and C. We can provide multiple CpG ODN variants belonging to these three types.

• Type A CpG ODNs have a palindromic sequence containing CpG dinucleotides as the core, with poly-G tails at both ends. They have a phosphorothioate backbone partially modified with sulfur. The palindromic sequence and poly-G form higher-order structures. Type A CpG ODNs can activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce a large amount of type I interferon production but have weaker activity on B cells.

• Type B CpG ODNs are fully sulfur-modified linear CpG ODNs. They exhibit strong immune-stimulatory activity on B cells but do not activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

• Type C CpG ODNs are fully sulfur-modified CpG ODNs that can form dimers through the palindromic sequence. They possess the combined activity of both type A and type B CpG ODNs, activating both plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells.

Related: Probes for Quantitative, Real-time PCR, Molecular Beacons, Oligonucleotide Conjugates

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