Exosome

Exosomes are vesicular structures secreted by cells into the extracellular environment, typically ranging in diameter from 30 to 150 nm. They possess a characteristic lipid bilayer membrane structure and can be found in cell culture supernatants, plasma, serum, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, and other biological fluids. Exosomes carry a variety of proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA from their parent cells, containing essential information crucial for intercellular substance and information transfer. They play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication.